St. Lawrence Islands National Park Library and Archives

Mallortytown Landing

Note on the Library: SLINP Library, as of May 2008 is in the process of changing from the Dewey Decimal System to the Library of Congress organizational catalogue. A large portion of the books included in this bibliography can be searched through any library catalogue, including that of Parks Canada, to find their Library of Congress number. They can also be found at most major libraries, including Queen’s. Where this system is not applicable, the authors of this bibliography have attempted to organize the list by section of the library. The sources are organized by main shelves, main floor cabinet adjacent to the shelves, hallway cabinet, and garage archives. The cabinets, or archives, are, for the most part, SLINP surveys, manuscripts, and contracted profiles and therefore have not been catalogued but are organized by author, rather (where applicable).

Main Shelves

Articles and Chapters Collection Index:

This invaluable 150+ page bibliography indexes the multivolume collection of articles in the SLINP library. The collections are organized by subject and vary in volume size. Each volume contains a number of scholarly journal articles and edited chapters, including primary source documents, on the subject of the Upper St. Lawrence region and its history. The volumes are organized by the topics Ethnohistory, French Accounts, Geology, Social History, and Traveller’s Accounts.

Within the index are the bibliographic references of the articles with description of their location in the series. Each reference is accompanied by a brief annotation of the article’s contents.

Ethnohistory, Volumes I – IV

• A wealth of information in the form of articles on the Aboriginal history of the region
• Includes archaeological, artefact and site information for such areas as the ancient Indian remains near Prescott and old copper specimens near Brockville
• Of particular interest is the “In-Situ Hypothesis” of James F. Pendergast in V. II, in which he argues that the St. Lawrence Iroquoians were distinct from the Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk, Huron and other historic Iroquoian tribes; with other explanations of the Laurentian Iroquois
• V. III focuses on early maps of the French
• V. IV includes an essay by the pre-eminent Canadian ethno-historian, Bruce Trigger on the topic of the Laurentian trade and inter-tribal warfare

French Accounts

• The single volume collection of French accounts is an excellent source for primary documents
• Includes;
• The “Works of Samuel de Champlain”, with an account of his trip down the St. Lawrence from Lake Ontario? Unsure, must be rechecked to confirm. Little evidence suggesting he actually ascended or descended the Upper St. Lawrence, after a brief search of Voyages of Champlain, Vol. 3, no mention of that region was garnered
• Charlevoix’s “History and General Description of New France”, with an account of the building of Fort Cataracouy (Cataraqui) planned by Mr. de Courcelle and carried out by Count de Frontenac
• Father Louis Hennepin’s (missionary at Fort Frontenac) “A New Discovery of a Vast Country in America”, with a description of Fort Cataraqui, early agriculture in the vicinity, and efforts to teach Indian children French
• Reuben Gold Thwaites’ (ed.) “Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents”

• Will be vital for primary documents of French accounts of the Upper St. Lawrence

Geology

• Dreimanis, A. “Correlation of Wisconsin Glacial Events Between the Eastern Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Lowlands”

Social History, Volumes I – X

• This invaluable source for social history has a vast array of essays on not only the Thousand Islands region, but also the Upper St. Lawrence as far as the Quebec border and including the American side of the river

• V.I
• A collection of primary sources such as magazine articles from the 19^th century and early 20^th century with discussion of such towns as Brockville, Gananoque, regions of Leeds and Grenville, and the Thousand Islands and anecdotal local history discussing Crossman House in the Thousand Islands
• V.II
• Of note are the steamship excursion guidebook from the Ontario and St. Lawrence Steamboat Company and compilation of the routes taken by the excursion tours. Also contains studies of frontier settlement in Eastern Ontario
• V.III
• Contains studies of settlements along the Upper St. Lawrence including local history of Brockville, institutions of settlements, conducted surveys, and a study of the history of Maitland and its links to the original French site of Pointe au Baril with anecdotes of the author’s childhood in the early 1900s in the region
• V.IV
• Popular history of the area including Alexandria Bay, Kingston, Morristown and Brockville
• V.V
• Includes an account by the first hydrographic surveyor of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River, Jean Deshayes, Royal Hydrographer of New France, accompanied Denonville to Frontenac, charting the Upper St. Lawrence and donning the name ‘Les Milles Isles’. Also contains studies on the effects, merits and landscape alterations of such things as farming practices, an account of place names in the Thousand Islands and a sweeping history of Leeds and Grenville form geological formation through native inhabitancy to wars of the area. Of note is an essay on William Johnston and Rev. William Smart of Elizabethtown
• V.VI – X
• Extensive and detailed chapters on the history of the St. Lawrence and Franklin Counties in New York from French contact through transactions from the natives and settlement. V. VIII includes an edited compilation of explorers’ and travellers’ descriptive accounts of the St. Lawrence and Oswego region

Traveller’s Accounts, Volumes I – II

• V. I, primary source documents ranging from the late 18^th century through the 19^th century
• Includes topography of the area of Kingston and the Thousand Islands, township by township description of the north shore of the St. Lawrence River, accounts of trips up the River, description of the waterway from a military point of view and a 1791 description of the Indians of the area, the posts and forts
• V. II
• More primary accounts including those by steamship travel from well-known travellers and authors. Of note is Dickens’ American Notes with a description of Kingston and the Thousand Islands

Archaeological and Native Peoples Sources:

Daily, Robert C. and James V. Wright. The Malcom Site: A Late Stage of the Middle Point Peninsula Culture in Eastern Ontario.

• From Volume I of Ethnohistory

Noble, William C. and Brian S. Osborne. History of the Native Peoples in the region of the St. Lawrence Islands National Park, V.I: A review of Sources. A.D. Revill Associates, for Parks Canada, 1975.

• This review of sources acts as a bibliography to existing sources on prehistory and early contact pertaining to Indians of the region from a wide variety of locations such as the National and Provincial Archives
• It also provides, in a chronological fashion, an in depth analysis of the sources and history of the Indians of the region from Prehistoric well into the 19^th century from accounts of explorers and travellers, government officials and surveyors
• Will act as invaluable resource for understanding native prehistory and history of not only the St. Lawrence Islands National Park region but also of the Upper St. Lawrence as a whole

Pendergast, James F. Three Prehistoric Iroquois Components in Eastern Ontario: The Salem, Grays Creek, and Beckstead Sites. Ottawa: National Museum of Canada, 1966.

• In depth description of three sites in Eastern Ontario with an analysis of the findings and a general summary which places the findings in context and period
• These three sites, located between Cornwall and Brockville are among 13 that were discovered in the region of the Upper St. Lawrence and are compared with the other sites along the river

Wright, J.V. An Archaeological Survey of St. Lawrence Islands National Park. 1978.

• Although somewhat dated, this survey provides an excellent island to island breakdown of archaeological sites within the Park
• Abundant recoveries of Point Peninsula Culture with clear evidence for the last 2,000 years
• Evidence for a relatively unbroken seasonal occupation of the area extending from early Point Peninsula times (c. 400 B.C.E. to 0 A.D.) to the early historical Terminal Woodland period (c. A.D. 1500 – 1600)

Prehistoric Themes Evaluation of St. Lawrence Islands National Park: Phase II, Analysis and Theme Preparation. ARIN Archaeological Investigations, 1983.

• This article builds on Wright’s 1978 survey and also documents further investigation into the sites of Gordon and Squaw Islands and also Grenadier Island
• Contains an extensive bibliography for further research into the archaeological history of the Islands and of the region, broken down by periods of prehistory
• Extensive information on the archaeological evidence and prehistoric inferences of the Woodland periods
• Also contains a set of interpretative themes: Paleo-Indian, Archaic, Initial Woodland, Terminal Woodland, Early Historic, and Rock Art
• Artefact inventories

Post-Contact Cultural Heritage:

Beattie, Judith. Gunboats on the St. Lawrence River (1763 – 1839). National and Historic Parks Branch, 1967.

• Extensive and in depth focus on the gunboats that operated during conflict with the U.S. and prior, including the development of defence along the St. Lawrence
• Chapters highlight the provincial marine, the admiralty lakes services, and the inland navy during the Rebellions of 1837-1838
• Appendices include lists of gunboats, construction, extracts from Kingston’s naval yard, primary resources such as masters’ ledgers etc.

Clow, Meribeth. (1984) Leeds & Grenville Bicentennial 1984. Brockville: United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, 1984.

· Briefly outlines the history of the towns and cities of Leeds and Grenville, and gives a description of each town’s present day activities (circa 1984)

· Includes the odd picture of interest, but most pictures are blurry and not useful

Earles, Evelyn Purvis. Leeds the Lovely. Prescott: St. Lawrence Printing, 1974.

· Provides an overview of Leeds Co. from the point of view of the author. Topics covered include: origin and settlement of Leeds, Elopements of Leeds, Social Life of Leeds, Lakes of Leeds, Houses of Leeds, Villages of Leeds, Town of Leeds, Women of Leeds, Men of Leeds.

Hawke, H. Wm. Historic Gananoque. Belleville: Mika Publishing, 1974.

(also available at Brockville public library)

• A brief, but helpful, introductory into the history of Gananoque
• Covers topics such as early settlement and the early steamers visiting the small village
• Also covers the large growth in industry prior to the seaway
• Chapters of interest include: Joel Stone, Early Years of Settlement, the McDonald Family, War of 1812-1815, St. Lawrence River, Thousand Islands Railway, Industry and Merchandising, Clubs, and Sports and Recreation
• (p. 18) Describes the Forsyth raid and the random shot that struck Mrs. Stone in the hip and the blockhouse which was subsequently built
• (p.23) Describes shores at Gan. lined with cordwood for fuel for the steamers
• (p.24) Describes the “fisherman’s paradise” that was the islands, often hiring guides etc.
• (p.33) Gan. and Chimney Island blockhouses built by Charles McDonald’s sawmill firm

Preston, Richard A. (translator) and Leopold Lamontagne (editor). Royal Fort Frontenac. The Champlain Society: University of Toronto Press, 1958.

(also available at Queen’s Library)

• An immense collection of primary documents – including letters, journals, memoirs, correspondences, expenses charts etc. from people such as Courcelles, Frontenac and Colbert, Vaudreuil, Denonville, and Montcalm – relation to Fort Frontenac with introduction and background history of the discussed topics.
• (p. 4) Includes the Quinte Mission – the mission established by the Recollects and Jesuits in Iroquois region of the Great Lakes – Father Simon LeMoyne ascended the Upper St. Lawrence in 1654 to Lake Ontario, the first to not take the Ottawa River route, and was followed soon after by Fathers Joseph Chaumont and Claude Dablon and in 1668 the Sulpicians Trouve and Fenelon passed by way of the St. Lawrence to establish the mission at Quinte
• Includes background information and history by chapters: The Establishment of Fort Frontenac, La Salle, War with the Iroquois, Re-establishment of Fort Frontenac, a Half Century of Uneasy Peace and the Fall of Fort Frontenac

• Describes the happenings of the Fort, warfare and trade, sparse settlement etc.
• (p. 470) The St. Lawrence was originally called the Catarqui
• (p. 471) Courcelles first to take bateau up the St. Lawrence, 1670
• (p. 476) La Gallette: small trading post established by the French at the head of the rapids on the north shore of the St. Lawrence, opposite the present Odgdensburg. There was a garrison there in 1728. Now Prescott.

Lucas, George. Boldt Castle – Heart Island. Research Review Publications.

• A small book on the history of Boldt Castle

MacPherson, Ian. Matters of Loyalty: The Buells of Brockville 1830 – 1850. Belleville: Mika Publishing, 1981.

• A founding family of Brockville, the Buells played an important role throughout the nineteenth century in the town
• This book highlights William and Andrew Norton Buell, the most influential members of the family between 1830 and 1850
• Provides anecdotal local history as well as an in depth understanding not only of this particular family but of life in, and the lives of, early Brockville

McKenzie, Ruth. Leeds and Grenville: their first two hundred years. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1967.

• An in depth analysis of the history of the county
• (p. 3) Jean Deshayes coined the title ‘les mille iles’ in a map produced in 1686, which labelled the Thousand Island, “Lac des Milles Iles”
• Of particular interest is the section involving the expansion on the St. Lawrence, the counties’ involvement in the War of 1812-14 and Rebellion, and religious life in the county and on the St. Lawrence
• Also includes chapters on communications including use of the river and on local government
• (p.173) Describes the importance of potash to Upper Canada and its role as a major shipping commodity in the first half of the 19^th century, being shipped from three main ports – Gananoque, Brockville, and Prescott

Mika, N & Mika, H Eds. Community Spotlight: Leeds, Frontenac, Lennox and Addington and Prince Edward Counties. Belleville: Mika Publishing, 1974.

· Gives a fairly brief history of select cites within the above counties. The book is not entirely relevant to the study area, as it covers areas to the west of Kingston. Settlements covered include: Gananoque, Howe Island (deals mostly with the importance of the ferry), Mallorytown (the history of brick and glass making, Hodge gold mine), Wolfe Island (first ferry started 1802, was a haven for spies during the War of 1812).

Mika, Nick and Helma. United Empire Loyalists: Pioneers of Upper Canada. Belleville: Mika Publishing, 1976.

• Focuses on the Loyalists from Revolution to settlement
• Particularly chapters of interest include the journey to new settlements and the division of lots along the northern shore of the river by corps
• Use of the St. Lawrence to travel to the new settlements from Cornwall to Kingston
• Describes the process of allocation; royal townships and to who they were allotted; each leader of a corps or regiment given large grant to township and subsequent lands in that township allotted to the members of the regiment

Moore, Christopher. The Loyalists: Revolution, Exile, Settlement. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1984.

• A general overview of the Loyalists
• Of particular interest is part 3, chapter 4 which looks at the specific anecdotal history of Samuel Farrington and the settlement of Carleton Island in 1784

Otto, A. Stephen and Richard M. Dumbrille. Maitland: ‘A Very Neat Village Indeed’. Erin: Botston Mills Press, 1985.

• An excellent source on the history of the town of Maitland beginning with the scattered French settlements through the Loyalists
• Contains anecdotes from local generational families dating back to the Loyalist settlements
• (p.68) Prominent members participated in yachting, such as Halliday in Maitland, who owned a “sailing steam yacht” (1865)

Osborne, Brian. The Thousand Islands Region, 1650 – 1850: A Study of Exploration, Settlement and Development. Parks Canada, 1976.

• Provides a thorough, if brief, history of the region beginning with the French
• In depth presentation of the various peoples of the region and its settlement, including the organization and allocation of land of the Loyalists and a comparative look at the development on the U.S. side of the river
• Attention is also given to the particular shaping of the landscape including architectural and practical features such as fence forms, barn types and house styles

Pergunas, Mark et. al. Our Living History: A historical guide to the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville. 2000.

· Gives a brief overview of the towns and settlements in Leeds and Grenville.

· Also highlights key events in the history of Leeds and Grenville, including some more obscure events such as the Lost Channel (located under the 1000 Islands International Bridge).

· Historic structures are also covered. Details on each structure include: a brief overview of the structure’s history, details regarding the construction of the building, and the current status of the structure.

· Highlights prominent citizens and groups of citizens (ex: United Empire Loyalists), their significant accomplishments. Featured characters include Bill Johnston who was a pirate among the 1000 Islands and attempted to launch an attack on Gananoque.

· Highlights historic homes, churches and cemeteries in Leeds and Grenville.

Preston, Richard A. Kingston Before the War of 1812: A Collection of Documents. The Champlain Society. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1959.

• In depth focus on Kingston prior to the War of 1812
• Introduction and backgrounder by the editor gives an overview of the urban centre of the St. Lawrence prior to the war
• Immense collection of documents invaluable as primary sources

Ross, Don. Discovering the Thousand Islands. Kingston: Quarry Press, 2001.

· Covers the surveying and naming of the islands, as well as the border negotiations following the war of 1812.

· Touches on the natural process that formed the 1000 Islands region. Describes the ecological ‘crossroad’ that helps form the Frontenac Arch Biosphere as well as the A2A corridor (pg 28)

· Covers the natural heritage of the 1000 Islands region in great depth. Explains the process that allow for particular species of trees, aquatic life, mammals, reptiles and birds to thrive in the region.

· Gives a fairly detailed chronological account of the human habitation of the 1000 Islands region started at 9000 BP (before present). Includes: a description of the First Nations people who dominated the area, and how it shifted from Algonquians to the Iroquois. Touches on French fur traders and how they avoided the St. Lawrence because of the hostile Iroquois, but later dominated the river after an uneasy ‘truce’

· Covers the British era of the 1000 Islands region, through to the United Empire Loyalist and pioneer life.

· Ross covers the various disputes and battles that occurred in the region, including the War of 1812, Gunboat patrols, Brown’s Bay Wreck, The Tale of Chimney Island, ships of war, the Patriot’s War (pirate Bill Johnston), the Oregon Crisis (pg 81-93) and 8 Little Schooners’ fight near Brockville (1812)

· Covers various aspects of trade, including: the timber trade, island farming, market hunting (103-109)

· The emergence of cottages and castles on the St. Lawrence and ‘Golden Age’ including the near drowning of President U.S. Grant during his visit to the region in 1872 (pg 112), Boldt Castle, Jorstant Castle (in Canada). The rest of the chapter covers various stories about some of the islands and occurrences.

· Chapter 5 briefly covers boating in the 1000 Islands.

· Covers the 1000 Islands Bridge construction and the subsequent changes to the area that followed.

· Also covers the building of the Seaway and the changes that have occurred as a result.

Ross, Don. St. Lawrence Islands National Park. Ottawa: Parks Canada, 1983.

· Cover`s many of the same topics as Ross` other book on the Thousand Islands, Discovering the Thousand Islands.

· Touches on the recreational aspects of SLINP as well as the unique feature of each island in the park system

· Covers canoe church services in Halfmoon Bay on Bostwick Island near Gananoque. (97)

· History of Thousand Islands dressing (96)

Smith, Susan. St. Lawrence Islands National Park Historic Resource Inventory. 1985.

· The historic resource inventory was compiled by photographing individual buildings in the Thousand Islands which represent a theme of recreational development pre-dating 1930

· It reviews the history of 45 sites and includes black and white photographs and area maps.

· The report identifies examples of building and structures that played a role in developing the Canadian 1000 Islands as a vacation area. The town of Gananoque bound the study area to Brockville, with the northern boundary being Hwy. 2

· Three themes are covered: cottages, summer communities and recreation, as well as examples of service industries that grew from island development.

· Covers the growth of settlement and recreation in the region.

Smith, Susan Weston. The First Summer People: The Thousand Islands 1650 – 1910. Toronto: Boston Mills Press, 1993.

• This invaluable source looks at the history of the Islands in chronological fashion, focusing on the peopling of the islands from the Indian settlers through the Europeans and ending with the start of modern ownership in 1912
• Intensive listing of almost 900 islands in geographical order
• Considers the history of island ownership on both the Canadian side and American
• Looks at sale of land from native to British i.e. Carleton Island, Crawford Purchase

Stanley, George F. G. Guns and Gunboats on the St. Lawrence. Parks Canada, 1976.

• An essay on the use of gunboats on the St. Lawrence, with a particular focus on the Thousand Islands, during conflict with the U.S.
• Focus on the war of 1812 and the Upper Canada Rebellion (or Patriot War 1837 – 1838)
• Chapters of interest that focus on specific towns and islands include:
• I Canadian defences along the St. Lawrence
• II 1812: Carleton Island, Toussaint Island, Gananoque, Brockville, Ogdensburg
• III 1813: Sacketts Harbour, Cranberry Creek, Crysler’s Farm
• IV 1814: Tar Island
• V Hickory Island (1838)

Thompson, Shawn. A River Rat’s Guide to the Thousand Islands. Erin ON: Boston Mills Press, 1996.

· This book covers the unique aspects of various town histories along the St. Lawrence. It covers both the Canadian and American side of the river. Canadian towns of interest include: Kingston, Wolfe Island, Prescott, Brockville, The Thousand Islands Parkway, and Gananoque.

· The book also includes very brief essays on the following topics: the Indians of the Thousand Islands, Smuggling During Prohibition and Counting Islands.

· This book tells some of the more obscure tales associated with various aspect of the points along the St. Lawrence. The book reads as a tourist’s guide to the St. Lawrence. As such, the details on any given aspect covered in the book do not go into great detail.

Thompson, Shawn. Soul of the River. Burnstone, ON: General Store Publishing, 1997.

· Pertinent sections include: The Last of the Islanders – an account of the community that flourished then died off between 1800-1950 on the 1000 Islands, Corn growing on the islands)

· Cheese making an the importance it had on the islands and communities along the river (pg 63)

· Border people (pg 69 - 72)

· This book is full of first-hand stories about life on the islands and along the river. Most of the stories are not common knowledge. This book may be valuable in contributing to some of the lesser-known aspects about life on the river.

· Prohibition Days (pg 85 -126) – drove the island economy and helped many islanders during the time of the Depression. All that was needed was a barn to hide the booze and a row boat. Tricky McDermott of Wolfe Is (pg 85-86). This book goes fairly in depth into each town or islands story about prohibition.

· Also touches on some of the River’s more eccentric characters, such as Muskie Jake (144)

· Covers the life and stories on many of the river pilots who piloted boats through the Thousand Islands, as well as some of the accidents that have occurred within the Islands.

· Also covers the seven Lost Villages fairly in depth with some interesting pictures.

Thompson, Shawn. River’s Edge: Reprobates, Rum-runners and Other Folk of the Thousand Islands. Burnstown ON: General Store Publishing, 1991.

· This book is essentially composed of several short stories, typically centred around a single person or group of people – for example: Abbie Hoffman, border patrol agents.

· Useful for more obscure histories of the thousand islands region.

· It covers the time period between approx 1900 to 1991.

Thompson, Shawn. River Rats: The People of the Thousand Islands. Burnstown ON: General Store Publishing Ltd, 1989.

· This book is essentially the same format as the Thompson’s River’s Edge book. It highlights the unique contributions that selected individuals have made to the river’s history.

· There are some interesting stories in this book that might add to the uniqueness of the cultural heritage aspect of the application.

Townsend, Robert B. Battle of the Thousand Islands. Carrying Place: Odyssey Publishing, 2001.

· Covers the last naval battle for the North American Continent between the French and the English.

· Short book of about 70 pages, but fairly in depth on its coverage of the Battle for the 1000 Islands.

Toye, William. The St. Lawrence. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1959.

• Sweeping over-view moving in a chronological and Lower (East) to Upper (West) direction
• Although not as in depth for the Upper St. Lawrence, it provides a general history for the area, with a particular focus on early French use of the River, and conflict between the French and British, and British and U.S.
• Points of interest include:
• (p.93) 1656 Onondaga Mission passed through Upper St. Lawrence – Radisson was with them
• Described in Radisson’s Voyages – escape from Onondaga – did he come down the St. Lawrence River to return to Quebec?
• (p.107) 1673 Frontenac and a large flotilla navigate the Upper St. Lawrence to the Cataraqui in order to establish a fort in order to intercept the fur trade going to the English and Dutch
• Exploration and negotiation – i.e. Frontenac’s men encountered by Iroquois whilst constructing a fort
• Conflict on the Upper St. Lawrence – Seven Years’ War, 1760
• (p.190) Fur Trade on the Upper St. Lawrence - Thomas Moore who travelled from Kingston to Montreal in 1804
• (p. 218) Canadian born river pirate Bill Johnston, an American spy in war of 1812
• (p.223) use of primary source re: battle of windmill Narrative of the Adventures and Sufferings of Capt. Daniel D. Heustis, 1847
• (p.231) timber industry – timber-schooners

Upper Canada and Social History of Ontario

• Library contains an extensive selection of sources pertaining to the general history of Upper Canada
• Aspects include settlement and livelihood, entertainment, industry and economy etc.

War of 1812

• Library contains a fairly extensive selection of sources pertaining to the War of 1812
• Of particularly interest are the sources on the history of gunboats and shipwrecks

Way, Ronald L. The Day of Crysler’s Farm: November 11, 1813. Morrisburg, The St. Lawrence Parks Commission.

• Historical recreation and breakdown of the battle at Crysler’s Farm during the war of 1812

Recreational:

Smith, Susan Weston. History of Recreation in the Thousand Islands. Parks Canada Manuscript. (ziggy)

• An invaluable resources, Smith’s essay gives an overview of the history of recreation in the 1000 islands with an excellent bibliography for more in depth study
• Emphasis on 1860 – 1910
• Popular early steamers included the “Frontenac”, “Queen Charlotte”, “Iroquois”, “Great Britain”, “William IV”, “St. Lawrence” and the “Islander”
• Examines the purchase and settlement of the islands and their subsequent development i.e. booklet published by Canadian Government in 1894 entitled “1000 Islands for Sale”
• Post-1860’s boom in popularity known as the social era – growth in summer-homes and cottages, hotels, and resorts with descriptions of particular sites i.e. Ivy Lea Inn and the Glen House
• Angling and the use of the popular “St. Lawrence Skiff”
• Popular sports on the river such as racing
• Contains an excellent introductory bibliography in the arts section for examples of literature, and the popular photography business of the 1000 islands i.e. souvenirs

Natural:

Beck and Litteljohn, eds. Voices for the Watershed: Environmental Issues in the Great Lakes-St.Lawrence Drainage Basin. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2000.

• Françoeur, Louis-Gilles. “Ecosystem in Peril: The St. Lawrence River”
• State of the river as of 2000, particular focus on the effects of shipping and pollution with statistics and a diagnosis of it’s health
• Beck, Gregor Gilpin. “Alien Invaders: The Trouble with Zebra Mussels and Other Exotic Species”
• How invasive species, particularly the zebra mussel, are affecting the natural web of life of the river
• Whoriskey, Fred. “Blocking the Flow of Rivers: The Impact of Dams on Nature”
• Brief explanation of the effects of dams on the water’s ecosystem

Environment Canada. Review of Natural Values and Priorities in the Thousand Islands. Cornwall: Environment Canada, 1992.

· This report highlights some of the significant natural heritage values found within the 1000 Island’s region through an analysis of the area’s significant species, habitats and ecological processes.

· The study covers the entire 1000 Islands region, from Gananoque to Brockville and both sides of the river.

· Gives a brief overview of geology, climate, ecology and wildlife within the region, as well as a list of significant natural features, flora, fauna, geological areas

· Complete listing of all rare plants found within the area (pg 17).

· Mitigation strategies are included and relevant pieces of legislation, for example: Canada Shipping Act, Migratory Birds Act, etc. with a brief description of the role that each piece of legislation plays in protecting the area.

· Covers the role of municipalities in protecting the 1000 Islands region.

· Extensive Reference List

· While a somewhat dated, this resource is excellent at describing the linkages between the various organizations and legislation that have jurisdiction in the 1000 Island region, including the role of NGO’s such as TIARA

Environmental Sensitivity Atlas for Lake Ontario’s Canadian Shoreline. 1993.

· Identifies locations of various shoreline activities, such as sewage plants. The book also identifies other points of environmental interest, such as fishing grounds, bird migratory grounds, marshes, etc.

· This book is good, however it only covers a small portion of the study area, from Kingston to Howe Island.

Foy, Malcom G. and William E. Cross. Environmental Assessment of the Park Management Plan for St. Lawrence Islands National Park. Cornwall: Parks Canada, 1994.

· This report is an assessment of the potential environmental impacts of concepts or initiatives proposed in the 1994 Park Management Plan for SLINP.

· Gives a brief overview of the cultural and natural resources contained within the Park boundaries. This resource also includes regional concerns pertinent to the Park. For example, the report briefly describes how the Park’s ecosystem is heavily dependent upon external forces.

· The report covers some resource management strategies that the Park has initiated in 1994.

Hirvonen R. and R.A. Woods. Integrated Resource Survey of the St. Lawrence Islands National Park and Surrounding Areas. Ottawa: Forest Management Institute, 1978.

· Study area includes the Canadian side of the St. Lawrence River from Gananoque to east of Mallorytown.

· Briefly covers the physiographic feature, geology, climate & ‘history’

· Includes extensive inventory list of flora, fauna and soils

Natural Theme Analysis of Natural Sub-Region 19-b. Parks Canada, 1997.

· Extensive assessment of significant natural themes, including: geological, landforms, rivers and lakes, climate and ecological themes

· Sub –region 19b covers the area the 1000 Island’s region as well as the area north stretching past Algonquin Park and all the way to Lake Superior.

· Sub-region 29b covers the region of the St. Lawrence east of the 1000 Islands. This would be a good resource to get a hold of. Possibly held at the Cornwall location of Parks Canada.

· Extensive lists on: 1000 Islands natural heritage features, flora, fauna and fish

· Overall this is an excellent resources for many aspects of the Natural Heritage portion of the designation, despite being somewhat dated. A vast majority of the information is still relevant.

· An effort should be made to get a copy of the report on Sub –section 29b.

Archives: main floor cabinet adjacent to shelves:

Note: this portion of the archives contains many photographic resource binders with negatives and photographs dating as far back as the very late 19^th century. May prove to be an excellent resource when including photographs in application package.

Contains oral histories conducted by Brian Osborne with elder generational residents of the river in the Thousand Islands region, Yonge and Escott, who have operated various industries and services such as fishing, trapping, outfitters and guides.

Littoral Zone Survey Project conducted in 1979 of the St. Lawrence River in the Brockville District contains information on the fish in the ecologically sensitive area with vegetation summaries of the shorelines and specific islands.

Also contains an extensive video collection.

Bradstreet, M.S.W. and J.D. McCracken. Avifaunal Survey of the St. Lawrence Islands National Park. Prepared for Parks Canada. Toronto: LGL, 1978.

• Although somewhat dated, provides an in-depth assessment of the flora and fauna of the SLINP

Chapman, L.J. and D. F. Putnam. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. 2^nd ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1966.

• Although dated, gives a thorough description of the geo-morphology and physiography of Southern Ontario, including the Upper St. Lawrence region
• Chapters discuss bedrock, glacial geology, surface features
• Physiographic regions include Iroquois plain, Leeds knobs and flats, Glengarry till plain, and Russell and Prescott sand plains

Haddock, JNO. A. A Souvenir of the Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence River... Albany: Weed-Parsons Printing, 1896.

• Printed in 1896, this source can act both as a secondary and primary source
• It provides a history of the 1000 Islands with topographic descriptions, details of land features, and history of the many conflicts including a description of Fort Carleton
• Also contains an excellent description of Bill Johnston and the sinking of the Sir Robert Peel
• Many photographs taken at the time of publication and anecdotes and vignettes of people and captains of the river and early life on the river

Innis, Mary Quayle (ed.) Mrs. Simcoe’s Diary. Toronto: Macmillan, 1965.

· Wife of first Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, Colonel John Graves Simcoe

· Within this primary source diary, Lady Simcoe writes of her passage up the St. Lawrence from Montreal to Kingston with excellent descriptive accounts of this journey which includes stops in many towns and a tour of the Thousand Islands

· Acute attention to detail of her visits during her journey by bateau in the 1790s

· Also includes botanist remarks and her personal artwork

Townsend, Robert B. The Story of the H.M.S. St. Lawrence. Carrying Place: Odyssey Publishing, 1998.

• Built in Kingston, it was the largest sailing warship in the western hemisphere at the time and is considered the champion of marine warfare during the war of 1812, without ever firing a shot
• Brief history on warships and shipbuilding from the time of La Salle to the War of 1812

Archives: Hallway Cabinet

Note: This cabinet contains a wealth of archival materials such as past surveys of the natural and cultural heritage of the St. Lawrence Islands National Park. Following is a selected bibliography but does not necessarily reflect an exhaustion of sources.

Bates, Christina. A Community Vanished: History of Grenadier Island in the St. Lawrence River. Parks Canada, 1987.

• In depth description of the island, the background study which produced the abridged version, Grenadier Island: Steps Through Time.
• Begins with pre-European history, discusses native claims and surrenders, early European settlement and a description of the natural heritage of the island
• Also discusses squatters’ claims to the island, the school, the hotel, farm life, community life, summer trade and people, and the decline of the community and as it is as of 1987
• Can act as a vignette story of an island that was more than just a grouping of cottages

Bush, Edward. The Canadian Lighthouse. Canadian Historic Sites, Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History, 9, 1980.

• Section on the description of the lighthouses of the St. Lawrence

Comeau, Michelle. Human History and Character of the Thousand Islands: Storyline. Parks Canada, 1977.

• Provides a brief overview of the history of the peoples of the 1000 Islands, including an annotated bibliography

Calderwood, G. Insects of the St. Lawrence Islands National Park.

MacDonald, Alfred G. St. Lawrence Islands National Park: A Brief History. Circa 1995.

• As it sounds, this is a an excellent introduction and analysis of the history of the Park from its incorporation in 1904
• Includes information on islands, early employees

Marshall, Jonathan A. Historic Land-Use Study of St. Lawrence Islands National Park: Travellers, Loyalists, and Surveyors. Cultural Resource Management, Parks Canada, 1994.

• Contains description and examples of accounts of travellers, loyalists, and surveyors of the Thousand Islands
• Pieces together an interpretation of how the region may have appeared in its early settlement period including a re-creation of its natural environment
• Contains appendices with extensive bibliographies for future enquiries

Ross, Brian. Inventory of Historic and Archaeological Resources for St. Lawrence Islands National Park. Port Hope: Northeastern Archaeological Associates, 1994. (ziggo)

• Describes the results of a 1993 archaeological survey of SLINP in order to inventory its historic and aboriginal resources
• A total of 76 aboriginal and historic sites of significance were identified and tested
• Major occupational evidence relates to Middle Woodland period and late 19^th and early 20^th century use of the park
• An essential tool for conducting research into the archaeological history of the park’s resources

The Natural and Human History of the Thousand Islands. Parks Canada, 1975.

• Although brief, this publication provides an excellent overview of the natural features of the Thousand Islands and important elements of its cultural heritage
• Includes information of geomorphology, relief and drainage, soils, climate, flora, fauna, regional ecology and man-land interactions beginning with the Indian use of the land

Archives: Garage

• Consists of multiple filing cabinets with older materials such as newspaper clippings/articles, much of which come from the Brockville newspaper, surveys and reports, and historical materials
• Topics of articles and other documents within the historical resources portion of the archives include boat-building and the St. Lawrence Skiff, steamboats, ships, historic maps, early explorers, settlers and loyalists, history of SLINP, Thousand Islands, specific islands, War of 1812, and military
• Natural heritage and environmental studies resources includes studies and surveys conducted in the park in the past and also regional studies. Topics include impact studies – land and water use (including recreational) studies, shoreline, wetland, natural resources, vegetation themes, biological/bacteriological, geological surveys, hydrology, palaeontology, climatology, and botany
• Also contains extensive past flora and fauna lists with emphasis on birds, waterfowl, fish, and vegetation
• Some archaeological sources are included in the archive, however, more recent surveys and studies will be of greater value